Kuswati Kuswati, Adinda Ditasari, Rizkita Leony Alvionida, Ratu Astrid Novianti, Anya Roffey Vikri Nandy Muhamad Nor, Ety Sari Handayani, Zainuri Sabta Nugraha
INTRODUCTION: This study examines the effects of Sauropus androgynus on cognitive function, Bax expression, and neuronal number in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats induced by Trimethyltin chloride (TMT). TMT is a compound utilized to induce neurotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an experimental study. Twenty-five male Rattus norvegicus. were divided into five groups: Group 1, no treatment (G1); Group 2, TMT-induced (G2); and Groups 3, 4, and 5, TMT-induced with ethanol extract of S. androgynus at doses of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg body weight, respectively (G3, G4, and G5). The TMT is at a dose of 6 mg/kg body weight. The cognitive function of rats was measured by using the Y-maze spontaneous alternation test. Brain tissues of killed rats were collected for histological preparations using toluidine blue staining and immunohistochemistry with Bax antibody. Microscopic observations were performed to count the number of neurons and Bax expression. RESULTS: The percentage of alternation in the S. androgynus extract groups (G3, G4, G5) was higher than in the TMT group (G2). The number of neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and prefrontal cortex in the three groups (G3, G4, and G5) was higher than in group G2. The expression of Bax in groups G4 and G5 was lower than that in group G2. Different doses of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg body weight did not provide significant differences in the percentage of alternation and the number of neurons. CONCLUSION: The S. androgynus extract could improve memory function, inhibit Bax expression, and increase the number of neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and prefrontal cortex in rats induced with neurotoxicity using TMT. © 2025, International Islamic University Malaysia. All rights reserved.
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Indonesia; Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Indonesia
