Joko Priono, Guntur Guntur, Sujarwo Sujarwo
This study aimed to develop a volleyball learning model to improve the smashing ability, coordination, and strength of junior high school students. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) design based on the Borg & Gall model. The development process involves several stages, including limited and field trials, to test the effectiveness of the final product. A total of 90 grade VII and VIII junior high school students (ages 12–14) were randomly selected to participate in the study. Instruments used included smash skill tests, coordination tests, and vertical jump tests to measure leg muscle strength, as well as questionnaires and observation sheets. Data were analyzed quantitatively using a t-test and ANOVA and qualitatively to evaluate the learning pro-cess. The results showed that the developed volleyball learning module was effective in improving students' smash ability, coordination, and leg muscle strength. The t-test results showed a p-value of less than 0.001 for all aspects. Revised modules with simpler instructions, vivid illustrations, and mini-games make learning more adaptive, communicative, and enjoyable. Thus, this study produced a valid, practical, and effective volleyball learning model for junior high school students that is feasible to apply. Further research is suggested to develop other engineering skills, integrate digital media, and involve a wider sample. © 2026 by the authors.
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
