Sri Atun, Nurfina Aznam, Suwardi Suwardi, Siti Nurjanah, Rhizma Az-Zahra, Aura C.B. Garinda, Rizki Damara, Evelyn Octaviani, Aditi Sangal
Galley Proof Spatholobus littoralis has been used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases in rural communities in Kalimantan. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Spatholobus littoralis root wood extract and its constituents through in vitro and in silico studies. A total of 3 kg of S. littoralis root wood was extracted with 96% ethanol, concentrated and fractionated sequentially using n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts and fractions was evaluated in vitro using the erythrocyte membrane stabilization, and protein denaturation inhibition assay. Phenolic constituents of the extract and fractions were identified by HPLC-HRMS analysis. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of the identified phenolic compounds was predicted in silico by molecular docking of the compounds with cyclooxygenase (COX-1) receptor protein (3N8Z). Extract and fractions of S. littoralis root wood possesses excellent ability to inhibit red blood cell hemolysis and protein denaturation in vitro. A total of eleven phenolic compounds were identified in S. littoralis root wood extract and fractions. The phenolic compounds showed stable binding with the 3N8Z receptor in silico, with the compounds; formononetin, daidzin, apigenin, genistein, and isoliquiritigenin demonstrating relatively strong binding with the 3N8Z receptor, with binding energies of-8.7;-8.5;-8.4;-8.3; and-7.8 Kcal/mol, respectively. Some of the phenolic compounds had hydrogen bonds with the amino acid residue Ser530, while hydrophobic interactions often occured at amino acid residues Val116, Leu352, and Ile523. Thus, S. littoralis root wood has the potential to be developed as a natural anti-inflammatory drug. © 2025 the authors.
Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Jl. Colombo No.1 Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, U.P., Noida, 201303, India
