Ashar Pajarungi Anar, Muhammad Nur Wangid, Ariefa Efaningrum, Merinda Noorma Novida Siregar, Novi Yarmanetti, Rike Erlande, Asri Wahyuni Sari, Maria Theresia Yasinta Waur, Sri Wasito, Arina Nur Rohmatika, Harisna Hikmah, Ibrahim Sudirman, Tasya Juliani Jasmarnisa, Ning Ayunda Chofifi, Jontas Gayuh Panuntun, Dila Monisa, Julia Hutabarat, Suratih Muhamad Karo
This sought to analyse the influence of cultural beliefs (CB), cultural perceptions (CP), the use of Android-based media (ABM), learning motivation (LM), and digital literacy (DL) on students’ cultural awareness. The research methodology employed a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design. There were 193 respondents, consisting of grades 4th and 5th primary school students in Lombok, selected through purposive sampling. The instruments were validated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), with satisfactory validity and reliability results (CR = 0.84–0.87; α = 0.82–0.85). The analysis of the relationships between variables was conducted using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings showed that cultural beliefs had a significant effect on cultural perceptions (β = 0.62; p < 0.001), and cultural perceptions had a significant effect on cultural awareness (β = 0.58; p < 0.001). However, the direct path from cultural beliefs to cultural awareness was not significant. The use of Android-based media influenced learning motivation (β = 0.54; p < 0.001) and cultural awareness (β = 0.41; p < 0.001). In addition, learning motivation also had a significant effect on cultural awareness (β = 0.41; p < 0.001). Mediation effects were identified in CB → CP → CA (full mediation) and ABM → LM → CA (partial mediation). Digital literacy was found to moderate the effect of ABM on CA (β = 0.19; p < 0.001), but did not moderate the relationship between LM and CA. The findings emphasise that strengthening students’ cultural awareness results from complex interactions among cultural factors, motivation, technology, and digital literacy. This study highlights the importance of integrating Android-based media with strategies to enhance learning motivation and digital literacy in order to optimise culture-based learning in primary schools. © 2025 The Author(s).
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Universitas Mataram, Indonesia; Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia; Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia
