Khalid Himawan, Sutiman, Yosep Efendi, I. Wayan Adiyasa
This study aims to optimize the performance of Brushless DC (BLDC) motors in the regenerative braking system of vehicles with Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT). Three BLDC motor geometry designs were evaluated based on the performance of cogging torque, Back EMF, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), input and output power, and system efficiency. Software-based simulations were used to analyze motor performance in regenerative mode. The results showed that Design 2 has optimal performance with an output power of 0.315 kW, an efficiency of 94.18%, and lower voltage and current THD compared to other designs. The small load angle of 4.56° in Design 2 contributed to the increase in regenerative power. Meanwhile, Design 1 has the highest efficiency of 94.33%, but lower output power. Design 3 shows the lowest performance with an efficiency of 93.77% and an output power of 0.269 kW. Cogging torque and Back EMF analysis confirm that Design 2 has good torque stability and uniform back voltage, with the highest efficiency in the speed range of 1500-1600 rpm and torque of 2-3 N m. In conclusion, Design 2 is the optimal design because it has a balance between efficiency, output power, torque stability, and low THD. The implementation of this design can improve energy efficiency in the regenerative braking system, supporting environmentally friendly technologies for electric and hybrid vehicles. © 2025 Author(s).
Electrical Engineering Education, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Automotive Engineering Education, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
