Nur Hanifah Insani, Joko Sukoyo, Ratih Ayu Pratiwinindya, Azizah Nurul Husnaini, Lintang Al-Mar’atus Sholihah, Yusuf Nur Kholiq
In the face of rapid digital transformation in education, ensuring that teachers can effectively integrate technology, especially in the local language like Javanese, has become increasingly urgent. The research investigates the Javanese teachers’ use of digital technology in Indonesia, focusing on how UTAUT-TPACK factors predict teachers’ behavioral intention to use technology in teaching Javanese materials. Using a quantitative approach and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), data from 564 teachers were analyzed to examine the influence of six integrated constructs on digital teaching behavior. The findings reveal that the combined UTAUT and TPACK constructs explained 72.5% of the variance in teachers’ behavioral intention to use digital technology. Among the UTAUT factors, Facilitating Conditions (FC) emerged as the strongest predictor of intention (β = 0.407, p < 0.01), while TPACK demonstrated both a significant direct influence on digital teaching behavior (β = 0.485) and an indirect effect mediated by behavioral intention (β = 0.333), resulting in a total effect of 0.654. The results highlight that while teachers’ competence in integrating content, pedagogy, and technology plays a crucial role, it must be supported by accessible infrastructure and institutional encouragement to drive actual classroom implementation. The study also identifies contextual challenges, such as limited digital access and traditional school culture, which reduce the effectiveness of social influence and support mechanisms, despite high teacher motivation. By focusing on the underexplored area of local language education, this research contributes original insight into how digital transformation in education can be made more inclusive and effective. It offers practical implications for designing teacher development programs that align not only with pedagogical competence but also with systemic readiness for digital integration. Copyright (c) 2026 The Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Department of Javanese Language and Literature Education, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Fine Arts Education, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia; Department of Special Education, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Magister Javanese Language Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
