Rizky Aflaha, Egadwinanda Nabila Suhandhia Putri, Chlara Naren Maharani, Laila Katriani, Ahmad Hasan As’ari, Aditya Rianjanu, Witha Berlian Kesuma Putri, Kuwat Triyana, Ruchi Gupta, Roto Roto
The advanced development of ammonia gas sensors using various sensing platforms has been widely researched, including quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)-based sensors. This review highlights recent research on ammonia gas sensors based on QCM with an electrospun polymer-based nanofiber active layer. The discussion starts with the principle of QCM as a base sensor, and then follows with the effect of electrospinning parameters on the fabricated nanofiber. Then, the discussion focuses on the potential of fabricated QCM-based sensors in directly detecting ammonia as a biomarker of liver and kidney diseases. The key performance parameters of QCM-based ammonia gas sensors, such as sensitivity, detection range, detection limit, and response/recovery time, are comprehensively discussed in this review. Finally, the potential, current challenges, and future perspectives on the application of QCM-based ammonia gas sensors for direct detection of liver and kidney diseases, such as improving selectivity, humidity resistance, and clinical translation, followed by the potential usage of QCM-based sensor arrays, are considered, offering insight into the future direction of QCM-based sensors in probing human diseases. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025.
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, BLS 21, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia; Research Center for Nanotechnology Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Building 440-441 Kompleks Sains dan Teknologi (KST) B. J. Habibie, Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia; Department of Natural Science Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Jl. Colombo No. 1, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia; Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Jl. Colombo No. 1, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia; Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gading, Playen, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, 55861, Indonesia; Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Terusan Ryacudu, Way Hui, Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan, 35365, Indonesia; Center for Green and Sustainable Materials, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Terusan Ryacudu, Way Hui, Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan, 35365, Indonesia; School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, BLS 21, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
