Rinasa Agistya Anugrah, Yosef Budiman, Mohamad Heerwan Bin Peeie
Flooding is among the most frequent and damaging hazards in Indonesia, with rapidly evolving inundation creating major challenges for emergency response. In Bekasi (Greater Jakarta), recurrent floods in 2026 have highlighted a key operational gap: evacuation and routing decisions are often made without reliable, spatially resolved flood-depth information. This study developed a low-cost, field-deployable catamaran-based flood depth detection system to support real-time depth measurement. The prototype hull was fabricated and integrated with an MB7060 sonar sensor and low-cost control electronics for mobile monitoring. Performance was evaluated through coupled numerical–experimental methods, including: (i) a mesh-independence study and flow-field validation using two-phase CFD (velocity and water volume-fraction contours), (ii) resistance and power prediction using Holtrop–Mennen/Maxsurf and comparison with experimental measurements, and (iii) operational testing via maneuver analysis and depth-sensor calibration/field trials. Results revealed that a 30 mm local mesh provided the best trade-off between computational cost and accuracy while maintaining realistic free-surface behavior. Simulated and experimental resistance–power trends agreed closely, and maneuver tests indicated optimal operation at 1.5 m/s. Sonar calibration demonstrated consistent depth readings with errors within approximately ±3 cm. Eventually, the system offers an accessible foundation for future flood-area mapping integration. © 2026 The Authors.
Department of Automotive Engineering Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Automotive Engineering and Manufacturing Research Group, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; PT Sahla Inovatif Teknik, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pahang, Malaysia
