Ismail Hasani, Halili Halili, Zuly Qodir
This paper examines the constitutional implications of Islamic law implementation in Aceh, Indonesia’s only province formally authorized to enforce sharia within a national constitutional framework. It advances the concept of constitutional equilibrium as a dynamic balance between asymmetric regional autonomy and the protection of fundamental rights. Using legislative, historical, and comparative approaches, the study analyses how the positivization of Islamic law through qanun generates tensions with four constitutional guarantees: freedom of religion and belief, gender equality, human dignity, and legal certainty. The findings reveal that existing oversight mechanisms—particularly Supreme Court judicial review and the advisory role of the Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama—remain insufficient to constrain qanun provisions that fail proportionality standards. These institutional weaknesses, rather than special autonomy itself, constitute the core constitutional challenge. The paper proposes three reform directions: tiered subsidiarity, mandatory proportionality review, and progressive ijtihad grounded in maqashid al-shariah. It contributes to debates on legal pluralism and constitutionalism in plural societies. © 2026, Lembaga Kajian Konstitusi Indonesia (LKKI), Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry. All rights reserved.
Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, South Tangerang, Indonesia; Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
