Naseer Ahmed, Kamran Mehdi, Is Helianti, Saqib Khan, Mohammad Farhan Zeb Khan, Adil Rafique, Aftab Ahmad Khan, Zeeshan Ahmad, Safdar Ali, Aleesha Aleesha, Kamil Ahmad
This study aims to assess the metacognitive skills of undergraduate biochemistry students from two Pakistani institutions regarding proteins. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, utilizing the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory questionnaire. Two experts validated the modified original instrument and checked its reliability by calculating Cronbach’s Alpha to ensure accurate measurement. Each institution distributed the revised questionnaire across various classes to collect data. Descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations, were computed for each component for the significant difference independent sample t-test that was applied. The results of the study revealed that data was reliable with a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.918 for the scale comprising 25 items. According to the mean score overall, metacognitive skills in both institutions showed a similar score, which ranges between 3.8 and 4.0. On the gender basis, both genders showed a similar score, with a mean close to 3.8. For the institution’s metacognitive skills comparison, there was no significant difference found with a P-value of .463; only in declarative knowledge there was a significant difference found with a P-value of .008. In terms of gender, there was also no significant difference found with a P = .358, which is >.05; only in evaluation was there a significant difference found where the P = .023, which is <.05. Students maintained high levels of chemistry metacognitive skills when solving problems in biochemistry. Future research can be conducted by using different aspects of metacognitive skills. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Research Centre for Genetic Engineering, Research Organization of Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency-Republic of Indonesia (BRIN), KST Soekarno, West Java, Bogor, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Haripur, Pakistan; Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Statistics, Government Postgraduate College, Haripur, Pakistan; Department of Education, University of Jhang, Pakistan; Department of Education, University of Haripur, Pakistan
