Anisah Setyaningrum, Lina Herlina, Dyah S. Ciptaningrum, Suminto A. Sayuti, Asri S. Fatimah, Fitria W. Sari
This study explored the experiences and perspectives of Indonesian English lecturers regarding integrating spiritual intelligence with technology in teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL), comparing urban and rural settings. It used a qualitative research methodology to gather data through in-depth interviews with 20 Indonesian English lecturers (IEL) from both urban and rural areas. The results of the study show that lecturers recognize the importance of spiritual intelligence in education to support the development of students' ethical, moral, and spiritual values. They also emphasized that technology can effectively support holistic learning if used appropriately and planned in teaching English as a foreign language. However, the study found some differences between the urban and rural contexts. Lecturers in urban settings had better access to technological infrastructure and resources, facilitating technology integration into their teaching. In contrast, lecturers in rural areas faced challenges such as limited access to reliable internet and digital tools, making it more difficult to integrate technology effectively. Both groups, however, acknowledged the need for more training in integrating spiritual intelligence with technology in TEFL. Despite these challenges, the study concluded that integrating spiritual intelligence with technology in teaching English as a foreign language can enrich students’ learning experiences and support their overall development in both urban and rural settings. These findings are expected to provide insights for developing more effective and contextually relevant holistic teaching strategies in teaching English as a foreign language. © 2026 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Nusa Putra University, Sukabumi, Indonesia; Universitas Siliwangi, West Java, Indonesia; Universitas Khairun, North Sulawesi, Indonesia; Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus, Kudus, Indonesia
