Yorfan Ruwindya, Regina Tutik Padmaningrum, Yuli Rohyami, Ganjar Fadillah
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic organic compound used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and can contaminate food and beverages through migration from plastic packaging. Therefore, a rapid, sensitive, and environmentally friendly detection method is needed. A green synthesis approach was used to prepare rods-like tin oxide/graphene oxide (SnO₂/GO) nanocomposites using sappanwood extract as a natural reducing agent and stabilizer. The rods-like SnO₂/GO materials were synthesized via a hydrothermal method, followed by calcination, and then fabricated into carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) for the electrochemical sensing of BPA. Material characterization using SEM showed that SnO₂ particles were evenly distributed with rods-like structure on the GO's surface. Electrochemical analysis was performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), suggesting that SnO₂/GO-CPEs had a linear range between 2 and 100 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.2881 µM, a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.9602 µM, and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9929. Furthermore, the developed SnO2/GO-CPEs-based sensor offers wide-range linearity, a low detection limit, and high stability and good selectivity. This innovative approach is environmentally sustainable and exhibits a recovery rate nearing 100 % when analyzing real samples, indicating minimal matrix effects. Consequently, this method can be considered a reliable alternative for the detection of BPA. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia
