Sigit Kustriyono Munajad, Cerika Rismayanthi, Hedi Ardiyanto Hermawan, Muhamad Nanang Solikhin
Background and Study Aim School-based physical education includes structured efforts to maintain physical fitness in children. Various approaches such as non-linear pedagogy, constructivist methods, and physical literacy have been applied to support learning through movement. Despite their application, the relative effectiveness of integrated models that combine technical skill and aerobic development remains a matter of practical interest. This study aims to test the effects of Battle Shuttlecock on students’ VO2max and lob performance while assessing its pedagogical relevance in physical education. Material and Methods A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study was conducted with a control group. Participants were elementary school students who took part in extracurricular badminton activities. The experimental group received 14 progressive Battle Shuttlecock sessions. The control group received standard badminton training. VO2max was measured using the Multistage Fitness Test. Lob shot skills were assessed using the French Clear Test. Additional instruments included Perceived Competence, Mini-PACES, a fidelity checklist, and observations of social, emotional, and cognitive behavior. Data were analyzed using MANCOVA at a significance level of α = 0.05. Results The experimental group showed a significant increase in VO2max from 38.5 ± 2.9 to 39.1 ± 2.6 ml/kg/ min. Lob shot accuracy increased from 55.3 ± 6.7 to 64.2 ± 7.1 points (p < 0.001). The control group did not show a significant increase in either variable. The results indicate that Battle Shuttlecock supports learning and improves technical, emotional, and cognitive skills when used consistently. The game had a significant effect on both VO2max and lob performance. Conclusions Battle Shuttlecock improved cardiorespiratory fitness and lob technique. It can be used in school programs to support physical, technical, emotional, and cognitive development. © Sigit Kustriyono Munajad, Cerika Rismayanthi, Hedi Ardiyanto Hermawan, Muhamad Nanang Solikhin, 2026.
Department of Elementary School Physical Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Health and Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Physical Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Vocational Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
