N. Trisnani, H. Retnawati, W. Wuryandani
Previous research has used various instruments to measure mathematical attitudes, but validated and reliable tools for Indonesian elementary students are limited. This study aims to fill this gap by developing an instrument suited to Indonesian elementary students to measure their mathematical attitudes effectively. Data were collected from 187 students using a Likert scale. Two experts assessed content validity, examining construct, content, and language aspects. To test validity and reliability, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed with SPSS 25.0, followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using LISREL 10.20. Criteria included a Standard Loading Factor (SLF) of at least 0.30, a t-value of 1.96 or higher, and construct reliability (CR) above 0.70. The analysis showed that 20 items in the instrument met the criteria for validity and reliability, confirming their suitability for measuring mathematical attitudes. The Goodness-of-Fit test indicated a strong fit between the theoretical model and the empirical data, supporting the robustness of the instrument. The developed instrument reliably measures elementary students’ mathematical attitudes, meeting a key need in the field. It aligns well with Indonesian students’ cultural and educational context, serving as a valuable tool for educators and researchers. © 2026, Universiti Putra Malaysia. All rights reserved.
Faculty of Education, IKIP PGRI Wates, None, Indonesia; Research and Evaluation Education Department, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, DI Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia; Educational and Psychology Department, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, DI Yogyakarta, 54363, Indonesia
