Dunnish Haraini, Maria Ulfa, Rita Prasetyowati, Yahdi Bin Rus, Aisyah Nur Haliza, Natalita Maulani Nursam, Nunik Nurhayati
This study examines the effect of solvent variation on the SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) for CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells, directly comparing the commonly used deionized water against different alcohol-based solvents. A systematic, side-by-side analysis of deionized water, ethanol, and the less-common isopropanol (IPA) was conducted in the preparation of SnO2 precursors via spin-coating, followed by optoelectronic characterization. The results showed that the SnO2-IPA layer resulting in increased light absorption, electron transport efficiency, and reduced charge recombination. Devices utilizing SnO2-IPA achieve superior photovoltaic performance with a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 7.21 mA · cm-2, an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.03V, a charge factor (FF) of 78.51%, and a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.83%. The results of dark J-V measurements confirm that IPA-based ETL produces the lowest leakage current, which indicates optimal hole blocking behavior. In contrast, SnO2 films made using ethanol and deionized water exhibit higher current leakage, which increase charge recombination and decreases device efficiency. These findings underscore solvent engineering as a crucial factor in optimizing ETL quality and improving the overall efficiency of CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells. © 2025 IEEE.
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Department of Physics Education, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Electronic, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia; Universitas Padjadjaran, Department of Chemistry, Bandung, Indonesia
