Assadullah Al Kafah Alam, Khakam Ma'Ruf, Rizal Justian Setiawan, Rossita Qamara Azizah, Alfira Madania, Nur Al-Azizah Al-Hilmiyah
Indonesia's reliance on fossil fuels presents substantial challenges to national energy security and environmental sustainability. One promising alternative is the utilization of hydrogen as a clean energy source through the process of water electrolysis. This study investigates the effects of catalyst type and concentration (NaCl, NaOH, and KOH), applied electrical voltage (12V and 24V), and electrolysis duration (3, 5, and 10 minutes) on the efficiency of hydrogen gas production within an oxyhydrogen (HHO) generator system. A factorial experimental design was employed, encompassing 54 treatment combinations, each replicated three times to ensure data reliability. The experimental findings revealed that the KOH catalyst at a concentration of 15%, under a voltage of 24V for 10 minutes, yielded the highest performance, producing an average gas pressure of 98,796.13 Pa, the greatest hydrogen volume, and the highest production rate. The NaOH catalyst exhibited moderate performance, while NaCl resulted in the lowest efficiency. Notably, increasing catalyst concentration did not consistently correspond to increased productivity, with 15% identified as the optimal concentration across all catalyst types. This study underscores that an appropriate combination of operational parameters can significantly enhance the efficiency of the water electrolysis process. These results offer valuable insights for the advancement of hydrogen-based clean energy technologies and contribute to the ongoing transition toward a more sustainable energy system in Indonesia. © 2025 IEEE.
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Education, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Engineering, Dept of Industrial Engineering, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; National Chung Hsing University, College of Law and Politics, Dept of Asia and China Studies, Taichung, Taiwan; Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Faculty of Engineering, Dept of Chemical Engineering, Banten, Indonesia; Universitas Negeri Malang, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Dept. of Biology, Malang, Indonesia
