Developing Compact Models Using Regression Confidence Forge Knowledge Distillation for IMU-Based Indoor Positioning System

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Nur Achmad Sulistyo Putro, Jenq-Shiou Leu, Nias Ananto, Cries Avian, Muhammad Izzuddin Mahali, Setya Widyawan Prakosa

2025 IEEE Embedded Systems Letters Vol. 17 Issue 2 Article Cited by 3 SDG 17SDG 11SDG 9 Quartile

Abstract

This letter focuses on developing practical and resource-efficient solutions for indoor positioning systems using inertial measurement unit sensors (IMU) by introducing a compact and efficient model. The model, derived from the robust neural inertial navigation (RoNIN) architecture, features a lightweight model that is achieved by reducing the number of filters. A specific knowledge distillation (KD) method, regression confidence forge (ReCoF) KD, is proposed and employed to address potential performance implications, enhancing the efficacy of the streamlined model. The smallest proposed model exhibits an 86% size reduction from RoNIN Resnet, leading to an 18.8% acceleration in inference time and 56% more power efficiency on the edge. Notably, the proposed model maintains high performance, as evidenced by its absolute trajectory error (ATE) and relative trajectory error (RTE). © 2009-2012 IEEE.

Affiliations

National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Taipei, 106335, Taiwan; Universitas Gadjah Mada, Department of Computer Science and Electronics, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia; Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Department of Electronics and Informatics Engineering, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

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