Fredrik Alfrets Makadada, Hartono Hadjarati, Fadli Ihsan, Sukendro
Background. Floor gymnastics is a sport that involves explosive, acrobatic, and highly technical movements, requiring advanced biomechanical skills from its athletes. However, these movements often carry a significant injury risk, especially to joints and soft tissues. Common injuries in floor gymnastics include those affecting the ankles, knees, and back, generally caused by excessive force or improper technique in specific movements. Given the high incidence of injuries among gymnasts, understanding the biomechanical factors contributing to injury risk is essential for coaches and athletes seeking to enhance technique and safety. Study objectives. This study aims to identify and analyze the biomechanical factors of critical movements in floor gymnastics and their impact on injury risk. By compiling a systematic review of existing research, it seeks to provide in-depth insights into the link between movement biomechanics and injury prevention in floor gymnasts. Materials and methods. This study used a systematic review focusing on biomechanics and injury risk in floor gymnastics. Data were collected from academic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using relevant keywords, including “biomechanics, ” “floor gymnastics, ” “injury risk, ” and “key movements.” The inclusion criteria encompassed studies that analyzed biomechanics and injuries in fundamental floor gymnastics movements, such as the flip, handspring, and split leap. Articles that met the requirements were then evaluated to assess key biomechanical findings and the types of injuries associated with each movement. Results. This review identified several fundamental movements with high biomechanical demands that affect injury risk, including the flip, handspring, and split leap. The analysis showed that extreme joint stress, unstable rotation, and suboptimal body control increase the risk of injury in these movements. Each movement displays specific biomechanical patterns associated with particular injuries, for example, excessive pressure on the ankle and knee during push-offs and landings in somersault-type maneuvers. Conclusion. Biomechanical factors play a crucial role in the heightened risk of injury during fundamental floor gymnastics movements. The study concluded that a thorough understanding of floor gymnastics biomechanics can help athletes and coaches identify safer techniques and design training programs that minimize injury risk. Recommendations include prioritizing biomechanical training and proper landing techniques to reduce joint stress. Further research is needed to refine biomechanical analysis and explore more effective injury prevention strategies aimed at enhancing safety in floor gymnastics. © 2025, DJ Studio. All rights reserved.
Universitas Negeri Manado, Indonesia; Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia; Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Universitas Negeri Jambi, Indonesia
