Rizal Justian Setiawan, Khakam Ma'Ruf, Achmad Nawawi Ahlan, Darmono Darmono, Nur Azizah
Aquaculture productivity is highly dependent on optimal water quality management, then the conventional monitoring systems often face limitations in efficiency, accuracy, and real-time responsiveness. This study aims to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring system for critical aquaculture parameters, including temperature, pH, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), while also evaluating its impact on operational efficiency and fish farming productivity. The research employed an experimental Research and Development (R&D) approach, consisting of system design, hardware-software integration, testing, and field implementation in aquaculture ponds. The system utilized an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with DS18B20 (temperature), PH-4502C (pH), and TDS sensors, combined with an Android-based mobile dashboard for real-time monitoring and alerts. Experimental results demonstrated that the system successfully monitored parameters within a communication delay of 2-5 seconds, with recorded temperature values ranging from 25.9-32.1°C, pH levels between 6.5-8.7, and TDS concentrations of 425-600 ppm. Compared to manual methods, the IoT-based system reduced monitoring time from 3-4 hours to approximately 30 minutes per day, while enabling early detection of water quality fluctuations that could threaten fish health. Furthermore, its adoption improved aquaculture productivity by 15-20%, highlighting the effectiveness of IoT integration in supporting sustainable fish farming practices. Overall, this research confirms that IoT-enabled real-time monitoring can provide accurate, efficient, and scalable solutions for water quality management in aquaculture, and offers a foundation for future enhancements incorporating dissolved oxygen and ammonia sensors, artificial intelligence-based prediction models, and fully automated control mechanisms. © 2025 IEEE.
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Education, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Pancasila University, Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Jakarta, Indonesia; Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Faculty of Engineering, Dept of Civil Engineering Education, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; National Cheng Kung University, School of Medicine, Dept of Public Health, Tainan, Taiwan
