Slamet Reza Nasrullah, Khakam Ma'Ruf, Rizal Justian Setiawan, Andini Jihan Ningrum, Ika Kapti Andarbeni
The ongoing depletion of fossil fuel reserves, coupled with the rising global demand for energy, underscores the urgency of developing sustainable and renewable energy sources. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing coconut milk waste (Cocos nucifera) as a novel substrate for bioethanol production via a hydrolysis-fermentation pathway. Coconut milk, characterized by a lipid content of 34.3 g/100 g, was subjected to hydrolysis using citric acid (C6H8O7) derived from lime (Citrus aurantifolia) extract as a natural acid catalyst. This process facilitated the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol (C3H8O3) and free fatty acids. The glycerol-rich hydrolysate was subsequently fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae to yield ethanol (C2H5OH), which was then purified through distillation. Hydrolysis using a natural citric acid catalyst derived from lime extract successfully converted coconut milk lipids into fermentable glycerol. However, no detectable ethanol was found at all fermentation times, indicating that the glycerol-to-ethanol conversion process is not yet optimal and requires further control of fermentation parameters. The findings highlight the potential of coconut milk waste as a viable alternative feedstock for bioethanol production, offering a sustainable approach to organic waste valorization and contributing to the diversification of renewable energy resources. © 2025 IEEE.
Yogyakarta State University, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Dept of Chemistry Education, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Engineering, Dept of Industrial Engineering, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Yuan Ze University, College of Engineering, Dept of Industrial Engineering and Management, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Yogyakarta State University, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Dept of Mathematics Education, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Yogyakarta State University, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Dept of Science Education, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
